| SWADESH [CORE VOCABULARY] LISTS | ||
[Note: /E/ is the vowel sound in "bed"; /e/ is the vowel sound in "break"; /I/ is the vowel sound in "kiss"; /i/ is the vowel sound in "machine"; /ae/ is the vowel sound in "can"; /o/ is the vowel sound in "go"; /u/ is the vowel sound in "soon"; /th/ is the "th" sound in "there"; /TH/ is the "th" sound in "think."] PANGLISH all, ash, baby, bark, belly, big, bird, bite, black, blood, blue, bone, breasts, burn, child, claw, cloud, come, cold, die, dog, drink, dry, ear, earth, eat, egg, eye, feather, fire, fish, flesh, fly, foot, full, give, good, grease, green, hair, hand, head, hear, heart, horn, hot, I, kill, kneww, know, leaf, lie, liver, long, make, man, many, mountain, moon, mouth, name, neck, new, night, nose, not, one, path, person, put, rain, red, root, round, sand, say, see, sky, seed, sit, skin, sleep, small, smoke, stand, star, stone, sun, tail, that, this, tongue, tooth, tree, two, walk, water, we, what, white, who, woman, work, yellow, you THANDI [THAN-di] all, ban; ash, eba -- /EHba/; baby, gal; bark, fale -- /faLE/; belly, phonaphon; big, zhef -- /zhEf/; bird, shala; bite, gim -- /gIm/; black, fanal -- /faNAL/; blood, mal; blue, funul; bone, rohan -- /ROhan/; breasts, mamali -- /maMAli/; burn, besh -- /bEsh/; child, gala -- /GAla/; claw, less -- /lEs/; cloud, hali -- /HAli/; come, bo; cold, fel -- /fEl/; die, usha -- /Usha/; dog, nep -- /nEp/; drink, hal; dry, pha; ear, owa -- /Owa/; earth, nali -- /NAli/; eat, wal; egg, wo; eye, awa -- /Awa/; feather, pelepah -- /PELEpah/; fire, ebesh -- /EbEsh/; fish, fifil -- /fifil/; flesh, iwa -- /iwa/ [stress on first syllable]; fly, banga -- /BANGa/; foot, pre -- /prE/; full, ol; give, mella -- /mELA/; good, ala -- /ala/ [stress on second syllable]; grease, hefe -- /HEfE/; green, fenal -- /fENAL/; hair, bilish -- /BIlIsh/; hand, pra; head, ezhen -- /EZHEN/; hear, howa -- /HOwa/; heart, ama; horn, gref -- /grEf/; hot, fal; I, o; kill, relh -- /rElh/; knee, bage -- /BAgE/; know, meteg -- /mEtEg/; leaf, lelen -- /lElEn/; lie, haghal; liver, esse -- /EsE/; long, pesha -- /pesha/ [stress on first syllable]; make, freng -- /frEng/; man, bi -- /bI/; many, banna; mountain, geleff -- /gELEFF/; moon, paligal -- /palIgal/; mouth, menne -- /mEnE/; name, shebe -- /shEBE/; neck, fre -- /frE/; new, lem -- /lEm/; night, felena -- /fElEna/ [stress on third syllable]; nose, arah -- [stress on first syllable]; not, wi -- /wI/; one, ah; path, brema -- /brEma/; person, be -- /bE/; put, prin -- /prIn/; rain, ilanila -- /IlanIla/; red, fonol -- /foNOL/; root, pe -- /pE/; round, ho; sand, sheshe -- /shEshE/; say, lo; see, hawa; sky, ilan -- /iLAN/; seed, fren -- /frEn/; sit, bahg; skin, iwan -- /iwan/ [stress on first syllable]; sleep, zhal; small, fezh -- /fEzh/; smoke, hishi -- /hishi/; stand, odan -- /odan/ [stress on first syllable]; star, rali -- /raLI/; stone, mara; sun, pali -- /paLI/; tail, ep -- /Ep/; that, buha -- /buHA/; this, buhe -- /buHE/; tongue, shren -- /shrEn/; tooth, doss; tree, lerren -- /lEREN/; two, aha; walk, breng -- /brEng/; water, la; we, oho; what, aless -- /aLES/; white, fonal -- /foNAL/; who, belel -- /bELEL/; woman, ba; work, habega -- /habEGA/; yellow, finil -- /fiNIL/; you, sho LENADESS [LEN-a-dEs] [Note: Stresses not indicated are as in Thandi.] all, ban; ash, eba; baby, gad; bark, fade -- /fadE/; belly, phonaphon; big, zhef -- /zhEf/; bird, shada; bite, gimi -- /gImI/; black -- /faNAD/; blood, mad; blue, funud -- /fuNUD/; bone, rohana -- /ROhana/; breasts, mamadi -- /maMAdi/; burn, besh -- /bEsh/; child, gada -- /GAda/; claw, dess -- /dEs/; cloud, hadi -- /HAdi/; come, bo; cold, fed -- /fEd/; die, usha -- /Usha/; dog, nep -- /nEp/; drink, had; dry, pha; ear, owa; earth, nadi -- /nadi/; eat, wad; egg, wo; eye, awa; feather, pedepah; fire, ebesh /EbEsh/; fish, fifid -- /fifid/; flesh, iwa -- /iwa/; fly, banga; foot, pre -- /prE/; full, od; give, medda -- /mEDA/; good, ada; grease, hefe -- /hEfE/; green, fenad -- /fENAD/; hair, bidish -- /BIDIsh/; hand, pra; head, ezhen -- /EZHEN/; hear, howa -- /HOwa/; heart, ama; horn, gref -- /grEf/; hot, fal; I, o; kill, relh -- /rElh/; knee, bage -- /BAgE/; know, meteg -- /mEtEg/; leaf, deden -- /lElEn/; lie, haghad; liver, esse -- /EsE/; long, pesha -- /pesha/; make, frengana -- /frEngana/; man, bi -- /bI/; many, bana; mountain, gedeff -- /gEDEF/; moon, padigadi -- /padIgadI/; mouth, menne -- /mEnE/; name, shebe -- /shEBE/; neck, fre -- /frE/; new, leme -- /lEmE/; night, fedena -- /fEdEna/; nose, arah; not, wi -- /wI/; one, ah; path, brema -- /brEma/; person, be -- /bE/; put, prini -- /prInI/; rain, idanida -- /IdanIda/; red, fonod -- /foNOD/; root, pe -- /pE/; round, ho -- /ho/; sand, sheshe -- /shEshE/; say, do; see, hawa; sky, idana -- /iDANa/; seed, frene -- /frEnE/; sit, bahg; skin, iwana -- /iwana/ [stress on first syllable]; sleep, zhad; small, fezh -- /fEzh/; smoke, hishi -- /hishi/; stand, odana -- /odana/ [stress on first syllable; star, radi -- /raDI/; stone, mara; sun, padina -- /padina/ [stress on second syllable]; tail, ep -- /Ep/; that, buha -- /buHA/; this, buhe -- /buHE/; tongue, shrene -- /shrEnE/; tooth, doss; tree, derren -- /dEREN/; two, aha; walk, brenge -- /brEngE/; water, da; we, oho; what, adess -- /aDES/; white, fonad -- /foNAD/; who, beled -- /bELED/; woman, ba; work, habega -- /habEGA/; yellow, finid -- /fiNID/; you, sho AUBRE [O-bre; stress on first syllable] all, bish -- /bIsh/; ash, tima -- /tIma/; baby, pa; bark, assa; belly, gara; big, kral; bird, tenten -- /tEntEn/; bite, blan; black, huth -- /huTH/; blood, ul; blue, fecha -- /fecha/; bone, kath -- /kaTH/; breasts, shtanen -- /shtanEn/; burn, stara; child, pak; claw, pith -- /pIth/; cloud, karaba; come, mihan -- /mIhan/; cold, lenar -- /lEnar/; die, felb -- /fElb/; dog, loroth -- /loroTH/; drink, tasha; dry, chenam -- /chEnam/; ear, chek -- /chEk/; earth, kren -- /krEn/; eat, otho -- /otho/; egg, kleraf -- /klEraf/; eye, no; feather, linrilin -- /lInrIlIn/; fire, gandi -- /gandI/; fish, pikpik -- /pIkpIk/; flesh, brek -- /brEk/; fly, plesh -- /plEsh/; foot, chal; full, nom; give, herrad -- /hErad/; good, amar; grease, olon; green, mesalin -- /mesalin/; hair, chezh -- /chezh/; hand, lash; head, azha; hear, fiti -- /fiti/; heart, bazhahan; horn, hepel -- /hEpEl/; hot, hub; I, li -- /li/; kill, nuf; knee, aketin -- /akEtIn/; know, ashtan; leaf, mamin -- /MAmin/; lie, robdan; liver, hulun; long, dorashi -- /dorashI/; make, holod; man, fash; many, echa -- /echa/ [stress on first syllable]; mountain, kepelen -- /kEpElEn/; moon, tahkah; mouth, daga; name, hafish -- /hafish/; neck, prepeh -- /prEpEh/; new, traba; night, berisa -- /BErIsa/; nose, thach -- /THach/; not, im -- /Im/; one, dol; path, alerana -- /aLErana/; person, breshel -- /brEshEl/; put, oso; rain, lek -- /lEk/; red, suk; root, inim -- /InIm/; round, sopa; sand, sese -- /sEsE/; say, glo; see, ferel -- /fErEl/; sky, chul; seed, hok; sit, fend -- /fEnd/; skin, indul -- /Indul/; sleep, genesh -- /gEnEsh/; small, ep -- /Ep/; smoke, shibi -- /shIbI/; stand, cheran -- /chEran/; star, zha; stone, klep -- /klEp/; sun, henne -- /hEnE/; tail, aber -- /abEr/; that, me -- /mE/; this, ma; tongue, hassel -- /hasEL/; tooth, feth -- /fETH/; tree, anbess -- /anbEs/; two, ta; walk, minmin -- /mInmIn/; water, pehl -- /pEhl/; we, elfe -- /ElfE/; what, oyo; white, katahl; who, ayo; woman, afash; work, bipa -- /bIpa/; yellow, fenath -- /fEnaTH/; you, wod NANGDI [NANG-di] [Note: For the tones, 1=high, 2=low, 3=falling.] all, fang -- /fang[3]/; ash, ekhawa -- /e-kha[1]-wa/; baby, sham[3]; bark, taeshiba -- /tae-shi[3]-ba/; belly, la-la[1]-ba; big, fang[1]; bird, hanidem -- /ha[3]-nI-dEm/; bite, beshoda -- /bE-sho[1]-da/; black, halana -- /ha-la[1]-na[1]/; blood, fohlida' -- /foh-li-da'/; blue, hoyloynoy -- /hoy-loy[1]-noy[1]/; bone, shoba -- /sho[1]-ba/; breasts, loloba -- /lo-lo[1]-ba/; burn, khadawa -- /kha[1]-da-wa/; child, shamash -- /sha[3]-mash/; claw, thada' -- /THa-da'/; cloud, meth -- /mETH[1]/; come, neninaq -- /nE-ni[1]-naq/; cold, pashoy -- /pa[3]-shoy[3]/; die, foynala -- /foy[1]-na-la/; dog, shabadem -- /sha[1]-ba-dEm/; drink, lolidaq -- /lo[1]-lI-daq/; dry, feshefesh -- /fe[1]-she-fesh/; ear, shebanad -- /shE[1]-ba-nad/; earth, prezha -- /pre-zha[1]/; eat, lalidaq -- /la[1]-li-daq/; egg, mash; eye, shobanad -- /sho[1]-ba-nad/; feather, hanid -- /ha[3]-nId/; fire, khawa -- /kha[1]-wa/; fish, fohlidem -- /foh[3]-li-dEm/; flesh, shiba -- /shi[3]-ba/; fly, nesenan -- /nE-sE-nan[1]/; foot, sheba -- /shE[1]-ba/; full, fango -- /fang[3]-o/; give, fangota -- /fang[3]-o-ta/; good, tatina -- /ta-ti-na/; grease, we -- /we[3]/; green, holono -- /ho-lo[1]-no[1]/; hair, shaba -- /sha[1]-ba/; hand, shiba -- /shi[1]-ba/; head, shaban -- /sha[1]-ban/; hear, sheban -- /shE[1]-ban/; heart, mame' -- /ma-mE'/; horn, fada'; hot, shoy -- /shoy[3]/; I, lo -- /lo[3]/; kill, nehahoy -- /nE-ha[3]-hoy/; knee, shoba -- /sho[3]-ba/; know, amaba -- /a[1]-ma-ba/; leaf, breq -- /brEq/; lie, hamana -- /ha-ma[3]-na/; liver, sheba -- /shE[1]-ba/; long, simasa -- /si-ma-sa[1]/; make, weseda' -- /we-se-da[1]/; man, bada'; many, tetemon -- /te[1]-te-mon/; mountain, afatho -- /a-fa[1]-THo/; moon, gren -- /grEn/; mouth, shuban -- /shu[1]-ban/; name, woyo -- /wo[1]-yo/; neck, shaeban -- /shae[1]-ban/; new, filara -- /fi-la[3]-ra/; night, nangdi -- /nang-di/; nose, shoyban -- /shoy[1]-ban/; not, pa -- /pa[3]/; one, te -- /te[1]/; path, barresh -- /bar-rEsh/; person, da'; put, perinan -- /pe[1]-ri-nan/; rain, lilinin -- /lI[1]-lI-nIn/; red, hilini -- /hI-li[1]-ni[1]/; root, kha'; round, lalasa -- /la-la[1]-sa/; sand, prezhan -- /pre-zhan[1]/; say, dothada -- /doth-a[1]-da/; see, shobano -- /sho[1]-ba-no/; sky, metha -- /me-THa/; seed, thade -- /THa-de[1]/; sit, hemena -- /he-me[3]-na/; skin, sheba -- /shE[3]-ba/; sleep, aqana -- /a-qa[1]-na/; small, pafang -- /pa[3]-fang[1]/; smoke, begheda -- /bE-ghe[3]-da/; stand, homana -- /ho-ma[3]-na/; star, tandan; stone, so -- /so[3]/; sun, shess -- /shE[2]ss/; tail, totah -- /to[1]-tah/; that, ha -- /ha[3]/; this, ho -- /ho[3]/; tongue, wessina -- /wE-si[1]-na/; tooth, epass -- /e-pas[3]/; tree, taetae -- /tae[2]-tae[2]/; two, tete -- /te[1]-te/; walk, nesena -- /nE-se[1]-na/; water, fohli -- /foh[3]-li/; we, la -- /la[3]/; what, weri -- /we-ri[1]/; white, helene -- /he-le[1]-ne[1]/; who, wera -- /we-ra[1]/; woman, abada'; work, yiwa -- /yi-wa[1]/; yellow, hulunu -- /hu-lu[1]-nu[1]/; you, lu -- /lu[3]/ Copyright © 2009 by Suzette Haden Elgin |
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